edible mushrooms

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18 Popular Types of Edible Mushrooms

From common and affordable mushrooms to exotic varieties from abroad, there is a broad range of options.

This article presents a list of edible mushrooms with their main taste characteristics, nutritional values, pictures, how to use them, and more.

Note: unless otherwise stated, all nutritional values are for raw weight and courtesy of the USDA FoodData Central database.

1. Cremini Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Agaricus bisporus
• Alternate names: Baby bella, brown mushroom, chestnut mushroom, crimini
• Growing regions: Grassy areas of Europe and North America
• How to cook: pan-frying, roasting, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

Cremini mushrooms are a variety of mushroom that belongs to the white button mushroom family. The species name is Agaricus bisporus, and this family of mushrooms also includes portobello

These three mushrooms—cremini, portobello, and white button—are the three most commonly consumed mushrooms globally.

That being said, these three mushrooms are actually the same mushroom. Although they look different, the variations in appearance just depend on age.

White button mushrooms are the freshest and youngest, then cremini, and portobellos have been left to mature for the longest time. Compared to white buttons, cremini mushrooms have a browner color, a meatier texture, and a deeper flavor.

Nutritionally, 3.5 oz (100 grams) of cremini mushrooms provide:

• Calories: 22 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 4.3 g
• Fiber: 0.6 g
• Sugars: 1.72 g
• Fat: 0.1 g
• Protein: 2.5 g

Key Point: Cremini mushrooms are fairly nutritious and very tasty. They belong to the Agaricus Biporus family, and they are slightly further in maturation than white button mushrooms.

2. Morel Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Morchella esculenta
• Alternate names: Common morel, true morel
• Growing regions: East Asia, Europe, North America, West Asia
• How to cook: pan-frying, roasting, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

These are certainly some of the most unique, unusual, and mysterious mushrooms in terms of their appearance.

Morel mushrooms (Morchella esculenta) look like honeycomb on a stick, and they taste as unique as they look. If you have tried shiitake mushrooms before, then you’ll understand the “meaty” taste they have.

These are like that, only more intense, and they have a kind of nutty flavor too. In short, if you like shiitake, you’ll probably love Morels.

Unfortunately, it’s hard to cultivate morel mushrooms on a large scale, so it is rare to find them in a store. However, they are available in some areas, and dried morel mushrooms are more widely available.

Growing kits to make your own are available too, and they can safely grow in the garden (disclosure: affiliate link).

The basic nutritional profile for morel mushrooms per 3.5 oz (100 grams) is as follows :

• Calories: 31 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 5.1 g
• Fiber: 2.8 g
• Sugars: 0.6 g
• Fat: 0.57 g
• Protein: 3.12 g

Key Point: Morel mushrooms are unique in both taste and appearance. Unfortunately, they are almost impossible to buy, but we can easily pick or grow them ourselves.

3. Shiitake Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Lentinula edodes
• Alternate names: Black mushroom, golden oak mushroom, oakwood mushroom
• Growing regions: Mainly East Asia (but available worldwide)
• How to cook: pan-frying, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries, stuffed with ingredients

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is one of the most popular types of mushrooms, and for a good reason: they taste delicious.

With a meaty, chewy taste, they go well with almost everything, and they are now the third most cultivated mushrooms in the world.

These mushrooms are often claimed to have health benefits too. While some of these claims are exaggerated, a randomized trial featuring 52 healthy men and women found that shiitake mushroom intake led to slightly lower CRP levels. CRP is a marker of inflammation, and the dosage in this study was at a level that is realistic of general daily consumption.

Per 3.5 oz (100-gram) portion, shiitake mushrooms provide the following nutritional values:

• Calories: 34 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 6.79
• Fiber: 2.5 g
• Sugars: 2.38 g
• Fat: 0.49 g
• Protein: 2.24 g

Shiitake mushrooms are available in dried form too, which have deeper and more concentrated flavor and higher nutritional value (disclosure: affiliate link).

Key Point: Shiitakes are one of the world’s most popular (and best-tasting) edible mushrooms.

4. Oyster Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Pleurotus ostreatus
• Alternate names: Abalone mushroom, tree mushroom
• Growing region: Mainly China, but produced worldwide
• How to cook: pan-frying, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

Oyster mushrooms are part of the Pleurotus family of mushroom species, and they grow on trees .

They have a striking appearance and a meat-like chewy texture. However, unlike some other mushrooms, oysters mushrooms only have a mild flavor.

Here are the basic nutritional values for oyster mushrooms per 3.5 oz (100-gram) serving:

• Calories: 33 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 6.09 g
• Fiber: 2.3 g
• Sugars: 1.11 g
• Fat: 0.41 g
• Protein: 3.31 g

Key Point: Oyster mushrooms are mild and meaty, and they work particularly well in stir-fries due to their mild flavor and shape.

5. King Oyster Mushrooms

• Alternate names: King brown mushroom, king trumpet
• Growing region: Worldwide
• How to cook: Grilling, pan-frying, roasting, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

As shown above, king oyster mushrooms are one of the biggest types of edible mushrooms. They have a striking appearance and are very thick in shape, giving them an extremely chewy and spongy texture, similar to foods like squid.

For this reason, roasting king oysters in the oven works well and leaves you with a deep, rich flavor. Just add a bit of butter/oil and salt beforehand to enhance the taste.

The mushroom goes by the scientific name of Pleurotus eryngii and it is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but different varieties can be found around the world .

The basic nutritional profile for king oyster mushrooms per 3.5 oz (100 grams) is as follows:

• Calories: 35 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 5.0 g
• Fiber: 1.0g
• Sugars: 1.0 g
• Fat: 0.50 g
• Protein: 3.0 g

Data Source: CRDB

Although king oyster mushrooms can be a little expensive, you can often pick them up for a lower price if you go to a Chinese/Asian market.

Key Point: Big, tasty, and full of beneficial nutrients – king oyster mushrooms are great.

6. Lion’s Mane Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Hericium erinaceus
• Alternate names: Bearded tooth, hedgehog mushroom, pom pom mushroom
• Growing region: Asia, Europe, North America
• How to cook: pan-frying, roasting, sauteing

Similar to morel mushrooms, the lion’s mane mushroom has an unusual appearance.

These mushrooms grow in the wild throughout Europe, North America, and Asia. Although relatively rare in Western dishes, it plays a larger role in Chinese cuisine.

The mushroom has also become popular in the health and supplement industry, and various products are available. These include extracts, tablets, and even coffee-mix drinks.

It can be difficult to find lion’s mane mushrooms for sale in their fresh form. However, it may be possible to buy them if you hunt around in some Asian grocery stores.

Lion’s mane mushrooms taste good: they are quite juicy and have an intense meaty flavor.

Per 3.5 oz (100-gram) serving, according to MyFitnessPal, here is the basic nutritional profile for lion’s mane mushrooms :

• Calories: 24 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 3.0 g
• Fat: 0 g
• Protein: 2.0 g

Key Point: Lion’s mane mushrooms are chewy, flavorful, and odd-looking but delicious.

7. Enoki Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Flammulina velutipes
• Alternate names: Enokitake, golden needle, lily mushrooms, string mushrooms,
• Growing region: Mainly China, Japan, and Korea
• Uses: pan-frying, roasting, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

Enoki mushrooms (enokitake) are long and thin white mushrooms that resemble a piece of string. Again, they are among the more unique looking mushroom varieties.

Enoki mushrooms taste great, and they are also relatively simple to grow and cheap to buy.

In certain Asian and Italian dishes, they can act as an alternate “replacement” for noodles due to their chewy texture and noodle-like appearance.

For the same reason, tossing some into a stir-fry has great results.

Here are the basic nutritional values for enoki mushrooms per 3.5 oz (100 gram) serving :

• Calories: 37 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 7.81 g
• Fiber: 2.7 g
• Sugars: 0.22 g
• Fat: 0.29 g
• Protein: 2.66 g

Key Point: Enoki mushrooms work well in soups or stir-fries, and they make surprisingly good low carb noodles.

8. White Button Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Agaricus bisporus
• Alternate names: Button mushrooms, champignon, white mushrooms
• Growing regions: Grassy areas of Europe and North America (1)
• How to cook: pan-frying, pizza topping, roasting, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) are the baby version of shiitake and cremini. These mushrooms are fresh and at an early-life stage.

Despite their basic white appearance, button mushrooms have an enjoyable and very flavorful taste when cooked. The mushrooms are also good at absorbing different flavors from foods they’re cooked alongside.

White button mushrooms have the most significant commercial production of any mushroom in the world. In fact, they represent 90% of the edible mushrooms consumed in the United States.

Nutritionally, here is the basic nutrition profile for white button mushrooms per 3.5 oz (100-gram) serving:

• Calories: 22 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 3.26 g
• Fiber: 1.0 g
• Sugars: 1.98 g
• Fat: 0.34 g
• Protein: 3.09 g

Key Point: White button mushrooms are the most popular type of mushroom in the world. They’re good for you, taste great, and make a tasty addition to any dish.

9. Portobello Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Agaricus bisporus
• Alternate names: Button mushrooms, champignon, white mushrooms
• Growing regions: Grassy areas of Europe and North America (1)
• How to cook/use: Grilling, pan-frying, portobello burger, roasting, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries, stuffed with various ingredients

If button mushrooms are the babies, then portobello mushrooms are the grandparent. Portobello mushrooms are the same mushroom species as button and cremini mushrooms—Agaricus bisporus—but at a later, more mature stage of life.

Therefore, the mushrooms are much bigger and wider in diameter, as well as being deeper and richer in flavor.

Portobellos are one of the best-tasting types of mushrooms. Among the various cooking options, baked portobellos are delicious – especially when stuffed with some cheese and other ingredients.

For example, these portobello “pizzas” are a great example of what you can do with the mushrooms.

The mushroom provides the following basic nutritional values per 3.5 oz (100-gram) serving:

• Calories: 22 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 3.87 g
• Fiber: 1.3 g
• Sugars: 2.5 g
• Fat: 0.35 g
• Protein: 2.11 g

Key Point: Portobello mushrooms are the mature version of white button mushrooms; they are very flavorful and delicious. Due to their large size, they can be stuffed with ingredients of your choice and baked.

10. Porcini Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Boletus edulis
• Alternate names: Boletus mushrooms, king bolete
• Growing region: Nothern hemisphere parts of Asia, Europe, and North America
• Uses: pan-frying, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

Porcini mushrooms (Boletus edulis) are one of the most popular mushroom varieties for culinary purposes.

Unfortunately, they are also one of the most expensive. This relative expense is due to the difficulties in cultivating the mushrooms on a large scale. Thus, small-scale operations tend to sell the mushrooms for high prices due to the effort involved.

Due to their expense, porcini mushrooms are popular targets for mushroom foragers.

Taste-wise, they have a deep and intense flavor with an earthy taste and somewhat nutty notes.

Unfortunately, there are currently no published nutritional values for porcini mushrooms in any major nutritional database.

Key Point: Porcini is one of the most famous wild edible mushrooms. However, they are difficult to cultivate and their price reflects this.

11. Maitake Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Grifola frondosa
• Alternate names: Dancing mushroom, hen of the woods, king of mushrooms
• Growing region: East Asia, Europe, North America
• Uses: pan-frying, pizza topping, sauteing, soups/stews, stir-fries

Maitake mushrooms are meaty, full-flavored mushrooms that feature in a variety of Japanese and East-Asian dishes.

Despite this, they’re popular worldwide, and they also grow in the United States and Canada.

Research also suggests that maitake mushrooms may be the best mushroom source of vitamin D when grown with exposure to UV light.

Here are the basic nutritional values for maitake mushrooms per 3.5 oz (100-gram) serving:

• Calories: 31 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 6.97 g
• Fiber: 2.7 g
• Sugars: 2.07 g
• Fat: 0.19 g
• Protein: 1.94 g

Key Point: Maitake are a tasty and nutritious mushroom, and they’re an excellent source of vitamin D.

12. Matsutake Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Tricholoma matsutake
• Alternate names: Pine mushrooms
• Cultivation origin: East Asia, Northern Europe, North America
• Uses: Grilling, pan-frying, sauteing, soups/stews, steaming,

Matsutake mushrooms are said to be the best-tasting edible mushroom. Those who have tried the mushrooms describe the aroma as “nearly impossible to describe”.

Having never tried the mushroom personally, it is described as being fruity, spicy, intense, pungent, and unique.

On the negative side, matsutake mushrooms have never been commercially cultivated, and they are difficult to find. As a result, the mushroom commands a premium price that can unbelievably cost more than $1000 for a pound of matsutake mushrooms.

In Japan, these mushrooms are often gifted in lavish gift boxes to individuals of importance in the business world.

Perhaps understandably, matsutake mushrooms are a top target for mushroom foragers.

Once again, due to their relative rarity, there are no published nutritional values for matsutake mushrooms.

Key Point: Matsutake mushrooms are a legendary mushroom, and they are particularly popular in East Asia. However, these mushrooms are hard to find and extremely expensive.

13. Reishi Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Ganoderma lingzhi
• Alternate names: Lingzhi mushrooms, varnish shelf
• Cultivation origin: Parts of Europe and East Asia (rare)
• Uses: Mushroom tea, supplements

Reishi mushrooms have a unique and attractive appearance, with a tough and glossy exterior. For this reason, they have the nickname of ‘varnish shelf mushrooms.’

These mushrooms mainly grow in China and other East Asian countries like Korea. Although they are edible types of mushrooms, they are too hard and tough to be enjoyed in this manner.

Reishi mushrooms are usually thought of as a so-called ‘medicinal mushroom’ and feature numerous supplements. The mushrooms are also often boiled to make tea.

However, it is probably better to be wary about over-hyped ‘medicinal’ claims from mushroom supplementation.

While there are many claims of health benefits, a recent randomized controlled trial involving 84 human participants found no statistically significant effects on blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure, or other noteworthy markers of health .

Key Point: Reishi mushrooms are often thought of as ‘medicinal mushrooms.’ While they are edible, they are mainly used for supplements and tea drinks due to their texture and taste.

14. Giant Puffball Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Calvatia gigantea
• Alternate names: True puffballs
• Cultivation origin: Worldwide in temperate climates
• Uses: Deep-frying, pan-frying, roasting

Looking more like a big white ball than a mushroom, giant puffball mushrooms have a unique size and appearance.

Giant puffball mushrooms typically grow in grassy fields, but they can be hard to find.

These mushrooms are generally cut into large slices and fried in oil, and they have a relatively mild taste.

Although the small-scale commercial sale of giant puffballs takes place, they are rare to see in stores.

Key Point: Giant puffball mushrooms are large ball-shaped mushrooms with a unique appearance. However, they are relatively hard to find and have a mild flavor.

15. Buna Shimeji Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Hypsizygus tessellatus
• Alternate names: Beech mushroom, brown beech mushroom, clamshell mushroom, white beech mushroom
• Growing region: Temperate climates of Australia, Europe, and North America
• Uses: Pan-frying, roasting, sauteing, soups and stews, stir-frying

Shimeji mushrooms mainly grow in two varieties, which are white and brown in color respectively. The mushrooms are very popular and widely cultivated in areas where they grow.

The mushrooms have an earthy, mildly sweet, and nutty flavor.

Shimeji mushrooms are very prevalent in the areas (near beech trees) where they grow. Thus, they are relatively affordable compared to some of the other lesser-known mushrooms.

Key Point: Shimeji mushrooms are tasty and affordable mushrooms that grow around beech trees in temperate climates.

16. Pepeao (Jew’s Ear)

• Scientific name: Auricularia auricula-judae
• Alternate names: Jew’s ear, jelly ear, wood ear
• Growing region: Worldwide
• Uses: Pan-frying, sauteing, soups and stews, stir-frying

Pepeao grows on wood in nations throughout the world, and it has a unique ear-like shape and appearance.

For this reason, the mushroom often goes by the name of ‘jew’s ear’ or ‘jelly ear.’ Although the former of these names may sound slightly concerning, the name is not a reference to the religion or intended as anti-Semitic.

These ear-shaped mushrooms are also rather tasty, and they have a mildly chewy texture that absorbs flavors well.

Nutritionally, 3.5 oz (100 grams) of pepeao provides the following basic values:

• Calories: 25 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 6.75 g
• Fat: 0.04 g
• Protein: 0.48 g

Key Point: Pepeao (Jew’s ear) mushrooms are unique in appearance and have a pleasant chewy texture. The mushrooms grow around the world.

17. Straw Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Volvariella colvacea
• Alternate names: Paddy straw mushroom
• Growing region: Primarily Asia
• Uses: Pan-frying, sauteing, soups and stews, stir-frying

Straw mushrooms mainly grow in East Asia and other localized parts of Asia.

These mushrooms often feature in Asian stews and stir-fries, and they contribute a pleasant mild flavor and a chewy texture.

Although straw mushrooms have a relatively mild flavor, they absorb other flavors from dishes well.

It is extremely rare to find straw mushrooms for sale fresh outside the areas where they grow. However, canned straw mushrooms are sold around the world and are relatively easy to find.

On a nutritional basis, a typical 3.5 oz (100-gram) portion of straw mushrooms will offer:

• Calories: 32 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 3.83 g
• Fiber: 2.5 g
• Fat: 0.68 g
• Protein: 3.83 g

Key Point: Straw mushrooms are difficult to find fresh outside of regions where they grow in Asia. However, these tasty mushrooms are available in cans around the world.

18. Chanterelle Mushrooms

• Scientific name: Cantharellus cibarius
• Alternate names: Golden chanterelle
• Growing region: Worldwide
• Uses: Pan-frying, roasting, sauteing, soups and stews, stir-frying

Chanterelle mushrooms have a unique uniform yellow color, and they are among the most popular types of edible wild mushrooms.

The mushrooms grow in regions worldwide, and they can be found across Africa, Europe, and North America .

In a culinary sense, chanterelle mushrooms are thought of as being one of the best-tasting edible mushrooms. This is because they have a rich depth of flavor and contribute numerous flavors to dishes in which they feature.

However, due to the lack of commercial cultivation, they tend to be quite expensive at around $20 to $30 per pound.

Per 3.5 oz (100 grams), chanterelles have the following basic nutrition profile:

• Calories: 32 kcal
• Carbohydrate: 6.86 g
• Fiber: 3.8 g
• Sugars: 1.16 g
• Fat: 0.53 g
• Protein: 1.49 g

Key Point: Chanterelle mushrooms have a striking yellow appearance. These mushrooms are widely regarded as being among the tastiest edible mushroom varieties.

Important Note On Foraging For Wild Edible Mushrooms

Just a final note: always be extremely careful if foraging for mushrooms in the wild. It must be remembered that many non-edible mushrooms contain potent toxins.

The golden rule is never to pick and eat a mushroom if you are not 100% sure. Doing so without positively identifying the species is potentially very dangerous. For this reason, foraging should be left to those with expert knowledge of identifying mushrooms.

Nutrition Advance provides evidence-based food and nutrition articles. This content is for informational purposes only and Nutrition Advance does not provide medical advice.